John R. Parsons, Ph.D.

Publications

(Full papers only; listed in chronological order with most recent last)

1.   SIMON WH, RICHARDSON S, HERMAN W, PARSONS JR and LANE JM: Long Term Effects of Chondrocyte Death on Rabbit Articular Cartilage In Vivo. J. Bone and Joint Surgery, 58A:517-526, 1976.

2.   PARSONS JR and BLACK J: The Viscoelastic Shear Behavior of Normal Rabbit Articular Cartilage. J. Biomechanics, 10:21-29, 1977.

3.   BLACK J, SHADLE CA, PARSONS JR and BRIGHTON CT : Articular Cartilage Preservation and Storage II. Mechanical Indentation Testing of Viable Stored Articular Cartilage. Arthritis Rheum., 22:1102-1108, 1979.

4.   MASSENGILL JB, ALEXANDER H, PARSONS JR and SCHECTER MJ: Mechanical Analysis of K-Wire Fixation in a Phalangeal Model. J. Hand Surgery, 4:351-356, 1979.

5.   PARSONS J and BLACK J: Mechanical Behavior of Articular Cartilage: Quantitative Changes with Alteration of Ionic Environment. J. Biomechanics, 12:765-773, 1979.

6.   WEISS AB, ALEXANDER H, LEE CK and PARSONS JR: The Role of Bioengineering in Orthopaedics. Primary Care, 7:317-329, 1980.

7.   WEISS AB, PARSONS JR and ALEXANDER H: Direct Current Electrical Stimulation of Bone Growth: Review and Current Status. J. Med. Soc. NJ, 77:523-526, 1980.

8.   LEE CK, CORCORAN SF and PARSONS JR: Hyperlipidemia and Idiopathic Aseptic Necrosis of the Femoral Head in Adults. Orthopaedics, 3:651-655, 1980.

9.   ALEXANDER H, PARSONS JR, STRAUCHLER ID, CORCORAN SF, MAYOTT CW and WEISS AB: Canine Patellar Tendon Replacement with a Polylactic Acid Polymer-Filamentous Carbon Tissue Scaffold. Orthopaedic Rev., 10:41-51, 1981.

10.   ARAGONA J, PARSONS JR, ALEXANDER H and WEISS AB: Soft Tissue Attachment of a Filamentous Carbon-Absorbable Polymer Tendon and Ligament Replacement. Clin. Orthop. and Rel. Res., 160:268-278, 1981.

11.   ARAGONA J, PARSONS JR, ALEXANDER H and WEISS AB: Medial Collateral Ligament Replacement with a Partially Absorbable Tissue Scaffold. American J. Sports Medicine, 11:228-233, 1983.

12.   ALEXANDER A, WEISS AB and PARSONS JR: Absorbable Polymer-Filamentous Carbon Composites: A new Class of Tissue Scaffolding Materials. Aktuelle Probl. Chir Orthop, 26:78-91, 1983.

13.   PARSONS JR, ROSARIO A, WEISS AB and ALEXANDER H: Achilles Tendon Repair with an Absorbable Polymer-Carbon Fiber Composite. J. Foot and Ankle, 5:48-53, 1984.

14.   ZIMMERMAN M, PARSONS JR, ALEXANDER H and WEISS AB: The Electrical Stimulation of Bone Using a Filamentous Carbon Cathode. J. Biomed. Mat. Res., 18:927-938, 1984. (Research Award Manuscript - Soc. for Biomater.)

15.   RICCI J, GONA AG, ALEXANDER H and PARSONS JR: Morphological Characteristics of Tendon Cells Cultured on Synthetic Fibers. J. Biomed. Mat. Res., 18:1073-1087, l984.

16.   PARSONS JR, BHAYANI S, ALEXANDER H and WEISS AB: Carbon Fiber Debris Within the Synovial Joint: Time Dependent Mechanical and Histological Studies. Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res., l96:69-76, l985.

17.   AURORI BF, WEIERMAN RJ, LOWELL HA, NADEL CI and PARSONS JR: Pseudarthrosis After Spinal Fusion for Scoliosis: A Comparison of Autogenous and Homogenous Bone Grafts. Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res., 199:153-158, 1985.

18.   PARSONS JR: Resorbable Materials and Composites: New Concepts in Orthopaedic Biomaterials. Orthopedics, 8:907-915, 1985.

19.   ALEXANDER H, WEISS AB and PARSONS JR: Ligament and Tendon Repair with an Absorbable Polymer Coated Carbon Fiber Stent. BulL. Hospt. Joint Dis., 46:155-173, 1986.

20.   PARSONS JR, ZINGLER BM and McKEON JJ: Mechanical and Histological Studies of Acute Joint Hemorrhage. Orthopaedics, 10:1019-1026, 1987.

21.   PARSONS JR and BLACK J: Mechanical Behavior of Articular Cartilage: Quantitative Changes with Enzymatic Alteration of the Proteoglycan Fraction. Bull. Hospt. Joint Dis., 47:13-30, 1987.

22.   ALEXANDER H, WEISS AB and PARSONS JR: Ligament Repair and Reconstruction. J. Orthop. Surg. Tech., 3:1-14, 1987.

23.   ALEXANDER H, PARSONS JR, RICCI JL, BAJPAI PK and WEISS AB: Calcium -Based Ceramics and Composites in Bone Reconstruction. Critical Reviews in Biocompatibility, 4:43-77, 1987.

24.   ZIMMERMAN MC, PARSONS JR and ALEXANDER H: The Design and Analysis of a Laminated Partially Degradable Composite Bone Plate. J. Biomed. Mater. Res.: Appl. Biomater., 21:345-361, 1987.

25.   PARSONS JR and GERMINE M: Deconvoluted X-Ray Defraction Analysis of Bone and Mixtures of Bone and Particulate Hydroxyapatite. J. Biomed. Mater. Res.: Appl. Biomater., 22:55 -67, 1988.

26.   PARSONS JR, WEISS AB, SCHENK RS, ALEXANDER H and PAVLISKO F: Long Term Follow-Up of Achilles Tendon Repairs with an Absorbable Polymer-Carbon Fiber Composite. J. Foot & Ankle, 9:179-184, 1989.

27.   LANGRANA NA and PARSONS JR: The Biomechanics of the Internal Fixation of Fractures. Automedica, 10:273-297, 1989.

28.   BOONE PS, ZIMMERMAN MC, GUTTELING E, LEE CK, LANGRANA NA and PARSONS JR: Bone Attachment to Hydroxyapatite Coated Polymers. J. Biomed Mater. Res.: Appl. Biomater., 23:183-199, 1989.

29.   LAW JK, PARSONS JR, SILVER FH AND WEISS AB: An Evaluation of Purified Type I Collagen Fibers. J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 23:961-977, 1989. (Research Award Manuscript - Soc. for Biomater.)

30.   RICCI JL, SPIVAK JM, ALEXANDER H, BLUMENTHAL NC and PARSONS JR: Hydroxyapatite Ceramics and the Nature of the Bone-Ceramic Interface. Bull. Hospt. Joint Dis., 49:178-191, 1990.

31.   SHIEH S-J, ZIMMERMAN MC and PARSONS JR: Preliminary Characterization of Resorbable and Non-Resorbable Synthetic Fibers for Repair of Soft Tissue. J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 24:789-808, 1990 (Research Award Manuscript - Soc. for Biomater.).

32.   ZIMMERMAN MC, SCALZO HL and PARSONS JR: The Attachment of Hydroxyapatite Coated Polysulfone to Bone. J. Appl. Biomater., 1:295-306, 1990.

33.   DAMIEN CJ, PARSONS JR, BENEDICT JJ and WEISSMAN DS: Investigation of a Hydroxyapatite and Calcium Sulfate Composite Supplemented with an Osteoinductive Factor. J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 24:639-654, 1990.(Research Award Manuscript - Soc. for Biomater.).

34.   HALBRECHT J, CARLSTEDT CA, PARSONS JR and GRANDE DA: The Influence of Growth Hormone on the Reversibility of Articular Cartilage Degeneration in Rabbits. Clin. Orthop., 259:245-255, 1990.

35.   MYLOD A, MUSER D, FRANCE MP and PARSONS JR: Perioperative Blood Loss Associated with Cemented and Uncemented Total Knee Arthroplasty. J. Bone Joint Surg., 72:1010-1012, 1990

36.   VASAN NS, GUTTELING EW, LEE CK, CIBISCHINO M and PARSONS JR: A Preliminary Study of Stress Induced Changes in the Extracellular Matrix of the Canine Intervertebral Disc. Spine, 16:317-320, 1991.

37.   LERDRIT W, NAJJAR TA and PARSONS JR: Enhanced Osseointergration of a Hydroxylapatite Implant Material. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Path., 71:9-15, 1991.

38.   TAURO JC, PARSONS JR, RICCI JL and ALEXANDER H: Comparison of Bovine Collagen Xenografts to Autogenous Graft in the Rabbit. Clin. Orthop., 266:271-285, 1991.

39.   SCALZO H, ZIMMERMAN MC, PARSONS JR, TOROP A and LINN S: The Effects of Environmental Exposure on Carbon Polysulfone. Biomaterials, 12:424-430, 1991.

40.   CARTER FM, MACKESSEY RP, DIPAOLO D, ZIMMERMAN MC and PARSONS JR: A Biomechanical Comparison of Fixation Techniques for Scaphoid Fractures. J. Hand Surgery, 16:907-912, 1991

41.   DAMIEN CJ and PARSONS JR: Bone Graft and Bone Graft Substitutes: A Review of Current Technology and Applications. J. Appl. Biomater., 2:187-208, 1991.(Invited Review Article)

42.   LEE CK, LANGRANA N, PARSONS JR and ZIMMERMAN MC: Development of an Intervertbral Disc Prosthesis. Spine, 16:253-255, 1991.

43.    BILLINGS JB, ZIMMERMAN MC, PARSONS JR, AURORI B and SWAN KG: Gunshot Wounds to the Extremities: The Experience of a Level I Trauma Center . Orthopaedic Reviev, 20:519-524, 1991.

44.   ZIMMERMAN MC, VUONO MJ, CARTER F, GUTTELING E, LEE CK and PARSONS JR: The Mechanical Properties of the Canine Lumbar Disc and Motion Segment. Spine, 17:213-220, 1992.

45.   VUONO-HAWKINS M, ZIMMERMAN MC, PARSONS JR, CARTER FM, LANGRANA NA and LEE CK: Shear Stability of an Elastomeric Disc Spacer Within an Intervertebral Joint. J. Biomech. Eng. , 114:414-416, 1992.

46.   CLOSKEY RF, PARSONS JR, LEE CK, BLACKSIN MF and ZIMMERMAN MC: Mechanics of Interbody Fusion: Analysis of Critical Bone Graft Area. Spine ,18:1011-1015, 1993.

47.   BILLOTTI J, ZIMMERMAN MC, PIZZURRO J, MANGO T, BILLINGS J and PARSONS JR: The Porous-Coated Anatomic (PCA) Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Review of 73 Cases. Orthopaedics, 18:37-43, 1995.

48.   DAMIEN CJ, PARSONS JR ,PREWETT AB, RIETVELD DC and ZIMMERMAN MC: Investigation of a Delivery System for Demineralized Bone Matrix in a Delayed Healing Cranial Defect Model. J. Biomed.Mater. Res., 28:553-561, 1994.

49.   DAMIEN CJ, PARSONS JR ,PREWETT AB, HUISMANS F, SHORS EC and HOLMES RE: Effect of Demineralized Bone Matrix on Osteoconduction Within a Porous HA Material: A Histologic and Histometric Study. J. Biomater. Appls. 9:275-288, 1995.

50.   VUONO MJ, ZIMMERMAN MC, PARSONS JR, CARTER FM, LANGRANA NA and LEE CK: Mechanical Evaluation of a Canine Intervertebral Disc Spacer: In-Situ and In-Vivo Studies. J. Orthop. Res., 12:119-127, 1994.

51.   ZIMMERMAN MC, CONTILIANO J, PARSONS JR, PREWETT AB, BILLOTTI J and MANGO T: The Biomechanics and Histopathology of Chemically Processed Patella Tendon Allografts for ACL Replacement. Amer. J. Sports Med. 22:378-386, 1994.

52.   LANGRANA NA, PARSONS JR, LEE CK, HAWKINS MV, YANG SW and ALEXANDER H: Materials and Design Concepts for an Intervertebral Disc Spacer, Part I: Fiber Reinforced Composite Design. J.Appl. Biomater. 5:125-132, 1994.

 53.   HAWKINS MV, LANGRANA NA, PARSONS JR, and LEE CK: Materials and Design Concepts for an Intervertebral Disc Spacer, Part II: Multidurometer Composite Design. J. Appl. Biomater. 6:117-123, 1995.

54.   ERTEL S, KOHN J, ZIMMERMAN MC, and PARSONS JR: Evaluation of Poly (DTH Carbonate), A Tyrosine-Derived Degradable Polymer for Orthopaedic Applications. J. Biomed. Mat. Res. 29:1337-1348, 1995.

55.   SMITH ME, CIBISCHINO M, LANGRANA NA, LEE CK and PARSONS JR: A Biomechanical Study of a Cervical Spine Stabilization Device: Roy-Camille Plates. Spine. 22:38-43, 1997.

56.   PARSONS JR, CHOKSHI BV , LEE CK, GUNDLAPALLI RV and STAMER,D: The Biomechanical Analysis of Sublaminar Wires and Cables Using Luque Segmental Spinal Instrumentation. Spine. 22:267-273, 1997.

57.    LEE F, RHO J, HARTEN RD , PARSONS JR and BEHRENS FF: Mechanical Properties of Trabecular Bone and Primary Spongiosa Around the Physis: An In Situ Nanoindentation Study. J. Pediatric Orthop. 18:582-585, 1998.

58.   BENEVENIA J, LEE F, BUECHEL F and PARSONS JR: A Pathologic Supracondylar Fracture with an Expanding Soft Tissue Mass Following Cementless Total Knee Replacement Arthroplasty : A Case Report . J. Biomed. Mater. Res.: Appl. Biomater. 43:473-477, 1998.

59.   SUGAWARA H, LINSENMEYER TA, BEAM H and PARSONS JR: Mechanical Properties of Bone in a Paraplegic Rat Model. J. Spine. Cord Med. 21:302-308, 1998.

60.   James KS, Parsons JR, Levene H and Kohn J : Affecting the Bone-Implant Interface Through Small Changes In Polymer Chemistry: Evaluation of a Series of Degradable Tyrosine-Derived Polycarbonates in Bone Defects. Biomaterials. 20:2203-2212, 1999.

61.   Benevenia j, Zimmerman MC, Keating J, Cyran F, Blacksin M and Parsons JR: Mechanical Environment Affects Allograft Incorporation. J. Biomed. Mater. Res.: Appl. Biomater. 53:67-72, 2000.

62.   MELICAN MC, ZIMMERMAN MC, DHILLON MS, PONNAMBALAM AR, CURODEAU A, and PARSONS JR: Three Dimensional Printing of Porous Metallic Surfaces: A New Orthopaedic Application. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 55:194-202, 2001

63.   GEBAUER G, LIN SS, BEAM H, VIEIRA P and PARSONS JR: The Effect of Low-Intensity Ultrasound on Fracture Healing in Insulin-Dependent Diabetic BB Wistar Rats. J. Orthop. Res. 20:587-593, 2002.

64.   Beam H, Lin SS and Parsons JR : The Effects of Physiologic Blood Glucose Control on Fracture Healing in the Diabetic BB Wistar Rat. J. Orthop. Res, 20:1210-1216, 2002.

65.   GEBAUER G, PARSONS JR, DE SOUSA N and REITER M: Use of Bone Cement (PMMA) to Improve Screw Pullout Strength in Lumbar Instrumentation Systems. Spine (Submitted)

66.   DUTTA ROY T, SIMON J, RICCI JL, REKOW ED, THOMPSON VP and PARSONS JR.: Performance of Degradable Composite Bone Repair Products Made by Three-Dimensional Fabrication Techniques. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 66A:283-291, 2003

67.   SIMON JL, PARSONS JR, REKOW ED, DUTTA ROY T, THOMPSON VP, KEMNITZER J and RICCI JL: Engineered Cellular Response to Scaffold Architecture in a Rabbit Trephine Defect. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 66A: 275-282, 2003

68.   Dutta Roy t, Simon JL, Ricci JL, Rekow ED, Thompson VP, and Parsons JR: Performance of Hydroxyapatite Bone Repair Scaffolds Created Via Three-Dimensional Fabrication Techniques . J Biomed. Mater. Res. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 66A: 1228-1237, 2003

69.   BEAM HA, GANDHI A, SANFILLIPO J, PARSONS JR, O'CONNOR JP and LIN SS: Decreased Local Growth Factor Expression During Diabetic Fracture Healing. J. Orthop. Res. (Submitted)

•  GANDHI A, BEAM HA, PARSONS JR, O'CONNOR JP and LIN SS: The Effects of Localized Intramedullary Delivery of Insulin on Diabetic Fracture Healing in BB Wistar Rats. Bone (Submitted)

•  EDWARDS JT, PARSONS JR, STOY VA, SABATINO CT , and PREWETT A: Mechanical Testing of a Novel Hydrogel Nucleus Replacement. The Spine Journal (In Press)

•  VASUDEV DV, RICCI JL, SABATINO CT , LI P, and PARSONS JR: In Vivo Evaluation of a Biomimetic Apatite Coating Grown on Titanium Surfaces. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 69A: 629-636, 2004.

•  MEIER SW, MEIER JD, PARSONS JR and LEVY AS: Rotator Cuff Repair: The Effect of Double Row Fixation Versus Single Row Fixation on the Three Dimensional Repair Site. Amer. J. Sports Med. (Submitted).

BOOKS AND CHAPTERS

(listed in chronological order with most recent last)

1.   PARSONS JR: The Strengthening of Dental Amalgam Through Surface Cleaning of the Alloy. Masters Thesis, Graduate School of Engineering and Applied Science (Materials Science), University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia , 1972. (186 pages)

2.   PARSONS JR and RUFF AW: Survey on Metallic Implant Materials. National Technical Information Service Publishing, Springfield , Virginia , 1974. (58 pages)

3.   PARSONS JR: The Viscoelastic Mechanical Properties of Articular Cartilage. Ph.D. Dissertation, Graduate School of Arts and Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1977. (265 pages)

4.   PARSONS JR: The Scanning Electron Microscopy of Articular Cartilage. In HUMAN JOINTS IN HEALTH and DISEASE. W.H. Simon, Ed., University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, pp 21-26, 1978.

5.   PARSONS JR, ALEXANDER H, CORCORAN SF and KORLUK JM: Development of a Variable Stiffness Absorbable Bone Plate. In CURRENT CONCEPTS OF INTERNAL FRACTURE FIXATION. H.K. Uhthoff, Ed., Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, pp 136-145, 1980.

6.   PARSONS JR, ALEXANDER H and WEISS AB: Absorbable Polymer/Filamentous Carbon Composites - A New Class of Orthopaedic Biomaterials. In BIOCOMPATIBLE POLYMERS, METALS, AND PLASTICS. M. Szycher, Ed., Technomic Publishing, Lancaster , Pennsylvania , pp 873-905, 1983.

7.   ALEXANDER H, WEISS AB and PARSONS JR: Absorbable Polymer-Filamentous Carbon Composites - A New Class of Tissue Scaffolding Materials. In ALLOPLASTIC LIGAMENT REPLACEMENT. C. Burri, Ed., Springer-Verlag , Berlin , West Germany , pp 83-97, 1983.

8.   PARSONS JR and ALEXANDER H: Soft Tissue Repair and Replacement with Carbon Fiber/Absorbable Polymer Composites. In BIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL ASPECTS OF SOFT AND HARD TISSUE REPAIR. T.K. Hunt, R.B. Heppenstall, E. Pines, D. Rovee, Eds., Praeger Publishing , New York and Philadelphia , pp 417-452, 1984.

9.   PARSONS JR, LIEBRECHT P, RICCI JL, SALSBURY R and ALEXANDER H: Enhanced Stabilization of Orthopaedic Implants with Spherical Hydroxylapatite Particulate. In ADVANCES IN BIOMATERIALS, P.S. Christel, Ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam , pp 477-482, 1986.

10.   PARSONS JR, TAURO JC, RICCI JL, ALEXANDER H and WEISS AB: Comparison of Antigen Extracted, Lyophilized and Gluteraldehyde-Fixed Bovine Xenograft: A Preliminary Study. In ADVANCES IN BIOMATERIALS, P.S. Christel, Ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam , pp 141-146, 1986.

11.   RICCI JL, ALEXANDER H, PARSONS JR, SALSBURY R and BAJPAI PK : Partially Resorbable Hydroxyapatite-Based Cement for Repair of Bone Defects. In BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS, S. Saha, Ed., Pergamon Press , NY , pp 469-474, 1986.

12.   RICCI JL, PARSONS JR, BAJPAI PK , BERKMAN A, ALEXANDER H and WEISS AB: Development of a Fast Setting Ceramic-Based Grout Material for Filling Bone Defects. In BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS, S. Saha, Ed., Pergamon Press , NY , pp 475-481, 1986.

13.   ALEXANDER H, PARSONS JR and WEISS AB: Ligament Repair and Reconstruction with an Absorbable Polymer-Coated Carbon Fiber Stent. In THE CRUCIAL LIGAMENTS, J.A. Feagin, Ed., Churchill Livingstone, NY, pp 517-528, 1988.

14.   ALEXANDER H, PARSONS JR and WEISS AB: Preclinical Evaluation of Ligament Reconstruction with an Absorbable Polymer-Coated Fiber Stent. In PROSTHETIC LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION OF THE KNEE. M.J Friedman Ed., Gruen and Stratton , NY , pp 41-51, 1988.

15.   PARSONS JR, RICCI JL, ALEXANDER H and BAJPAI PK : Osteoconductive Composite Grouts for Orthopaedic Use. In BIOCERAMICS, P Ducheyne and J Lemons, Eds., NY Academy of Science Press, NY, pp 190-207, 1988.

16.   LEGEROS RZ, PARSONS JR, DACULSI G, DRIESSENS F, LEE D, LIU ST, METSGER S, PETERSON D and WALKER M: Significance of the Porosity and Physical Chemistry of Calcium Phosphate Ceramics. In BIOCERAMICS, P Ducheyne and J Lemons, Eds., NY Academy of Science Press, NY, pp 268-271, 1988.

17.   WEISS AB, SHENK R and PARSONS JR: The Use of Carbon Fiber Composites in Repair of the Achilles Tendon and Lateral Ligaments of the Ankle. In DISORDERS OF THE FOOT AND ANKLE AND THEIR SURGICAL MANAGEMENT, MH Jass Ed., WB Saunders Inc., New York, NY, pp. 2723-2734, 1991.

18.   PARSONS JR and SILVER FH: Repair of Skin, Bone and Cartilage. In BIOMATERIALS USED IN FACIAL PLASTIC SURGERY, F H.Silver and A.I.Glascold, Eds., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 65-75, 1991.

19.   ZIMMERMAN MC, ALEXANDER H, PARSONS JR and BAJPAI PK : The Design and Analysis of Laminated Degradable Bone Plates for Fracture Fixation. In HIGH TECH FIBEROUS MATERIALS, TL Vigo and AF Turbak Eds., Amer. Chem. Soc. Press, Washington, D.C., pp. 132-148, 1991.

20.   LEE CK, LANGRANA NA, PARSONS JR and ZIMMERMAN MC: The Prosthetic Intervertebral Disc. In THE ADULT SPINE: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE, JW Frymoyer, Ed., Raven Press, New York , NY , pp. 2007-20014, 1991.

21.   LEE CK, LANGRANA NA, PARSONS JR and ZIMMERMAN MC: Development of a Functional Disc Spacer. In THE ARTIFICAL DISC, M Brock, HM Mayer and K Weigel, Eds., Springer-Verlag , Berlin and Heidelberg , pp. 79-85, 1991.

22.   LEE CK, LANGRANA NA, PARSONS JR and ZIMMERMAN MC: Relative Efficacy of the Artificial Disc versus Spinal Fusion. In THE CLINICAL EFFICACY AND OUTCOME IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF LOW BACK PAIN, NJ Weinstein Ed., Raven Press,New York, NY, pp. 237-244, 1992.

23.   LANGRANA NA, HAWKINS MV, ZIMMERMAN MC, LEE CK and PARSONS JR: Spinal Fusions. In SEMINARS IN SPINE SURGERY , SW Wiesel, Ed., WB Saunders, New York, NY, pp. 81 - 87, 1993.

24.   ZIMMERMAN MC, BOONE P, SCALZO H and PARSONS JR: A Mechanical and Histological Analysis of the Bonding of Bone to Hydroxylapatite/Polymer Composite Coatings. In COMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR IMPLANT APPLICATIONS IN THE HUMAN BODY: CHARACTERIZATION AND TESTING, Russell D. Jamison and Leslie N. Gilbertson, Eds., ASTM (American Society For Testing Materials) STP 1178, Philadelphia, PA., pp. 144-154, 1993.

25.   VUONO MJ, ZIMMERMAN MC, PARSONS JR, LANGRANA NA and LEE CK: Environmental Effect on a Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE) for Use in a Composite Intervertebral Disc Spacer. In CHARACTERIZATION AND TESTING OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR IMPLANT APPLICATIONS IN THE HUMAN BODY, Russell D. Jamison and Leslie N. Gilbertson, Ed., ASTM (American Society For Testing Materials) STP 1178, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 17-26, 1993.

26.   PREWETT AB, PARSONS JR, DAMIEN CJ and MEEKS LW: Evaluation of an Alternative Delivery System for Demineralized Bone. In BONE-BONDING MATERIALS, P Ducheyne and CA VanBlitterswijk, Eds., Reed Healthcare Communications,.Liderdorp, Netherlands , pp. 139-152, 1992.

27.   LEE CK, LANGRANA NA, PARSONS JR and ZIMMERMAN MC: The Prosthetic Intervertebral Disc. In THE ADULT SPINE: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE, 2 nd Ed., Frymoyer, Ducker, Hadler, Kostuik, Weinstein and Whitecloud Eds., Raven Press, New York, NY, 1995.

28.   PARSONS JR: Cartilage. In HANDBOOK OF BIOMATERIALS PROPERTIES, J Black and GW Hastings, Eds., Chapman & Hall, London, UK, pp. 40-47, 1998.

29.   JAMES K, LEVENE H, KAUFMANN EE, PARSONS JR and KOHN J: Small Changes in Chemical Structure of a Polymer Can Have a Significant Effect on the Hard Tissue Response In Vivo. In BONE ENGINEERING, JE Davies, Ed., EMC Squared, Inc., Toronto , Canada , pp. 195-203, 2000.

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